How to Build a Library Management System in Java

Java Project: Library Management System

Introduction

A Library Management System (LMS) is a software application that helps libraries manage books, users, and transactions efficiently. In this project, we will develop a Java-based Library Management System using Java, Swing (for GUI), and MySQL (for database storage).

This project will allow users (students/librarians) to:

Add, remove, and search for books
Register as library members
Borrow and return books
Maintain a database of books and users

Project Features

1. User Management

Users can register with their name and contact details.
The system will allow librarians and students to log in.
Librarians will have full access to add, remove, and update books.
Students can only borrow or return books.

2. Book Management

Add, remove, update, and search for books.
Books will have ISBN numbers, titles, authors, genres, and availability status.

3. Borrow & Return Books

Users can borrow books, and the system will update the book status.
Due dates will be assigned for borrowed books.
Books must be returned before the due date, or a fine may be imposed.

4. Database Storage

All information (users, books, transactions) will be stored in MySQL.
JDBC will be used to connect Java with the database.

Technology Stack

Frontend (GUI)

Java Swing (for designing the user interface)
JFrame, JPanel, JTextField, JButton, JTable

Backend (Logic & Database)

Java (Core Java, OOP concepts, Exception Handling)
MySQL (Database storage)
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) for database connection

Project Setup

1. Install Required Software

Before we start coding, make sure you have:
✅ JDK (Java Development Kit) installed
✅ MySQL installed
✅ Eclipse/IntelliJ as the IDE
✅ MySQL JDBC Driver downloaded

Step 1: Database Setup

First, create a MySQL database for storing book and user details.

SQL Commands to Create Database & Tables

sql
CREATE DATABASE LibraryDB;
 USE LibraryDB; 
CREATE TABLE Users (
 user_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, 
 name VARCHAR(100), 
 email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE, 
 password VARCHAR(50),
 user_type ENUM('librarian', 'student') 
);

CREATE TABLE Books ( 
 book_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
 title VARCHAR(200),
 author VARCHAR(200), 
 isbn VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE,
 genre VARCHAR(50), 
 status ENUM('available', 'borrowed') DEFAULT 'available'

); 
CREATE TABLE Transactions (
 transaction_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
 user_id INT, 
 book_id INT,
 borrow_date DATE,
 return_date DATE,
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES Users(user_id), 
FOREIGN KEY (book_id) REFERENCES Books(book_id) 
);

Step 2: Java Project Structure

📂 LibraryManagementSystem/
  📂 src/
    📂 dao/ (Database connection logic)
    📂 models/ (User, Book, Transaction classes)
    📂 views/ (Swing GUI Forms)
    📂 controllers/ (Business logic)
    📜 Main.java (Program entry point)

Step 3: Create Database Connection (JDBC)

Create a class DatabaseConnection.java to handle MySQL connectivity.

java
package dao;

import java.sql.*;
public class DatabaseConnection {
private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/LibraryDB";
private static final String USER = "root";
private static final String PASSWORD = "yourpassword";
public static Connection getConnection() { 
try { 
 Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
return DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
 } catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } 
 }
}

Step 4: Create User Model

java
package models; 
public class User { 
private int userId;
private String name; 
private String email;
private String password;
private String userType;
public User(
int userId, 
String name,
String email, 
String password,
 String userType) {
this.userId = userId; 
this.name = name; 
this.email = email; 
this.password = password;
this.userType = userType;
 }

    // Getters and Setters
}

Step 5: Create User Authentication

java
package controllers;
import dao.DatabaseConnection; 
import models.User; 
import java.sql.Connection; 
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet; 
public class UserController { 
public static User loginUser(String email, String password) {
Connection conn = DatabaseConnection.getConnection(); 
String query = "SELECT * FROM Users WHERE email = ? AND password = ?"; 
try {
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(query);
 ps.setString(1, email);
 ps.setString(2, password);
ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
if (rs.next()) {
return new User(rs.getInt("user_id"),
 rs.getString("name"),
 rs.getString("email"), 
rs.getString("password"),
 rs.getString("user_type"));
 } 
 } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
 } 
return null;
    } 
}

Step 6: Create Swing GUI for Login

java
package views;
import controllers.UserController; 
import models.User; 
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class LoginView {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("Library Login");
 frame.setSize(400, 300);
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
 frame.add(panel);
 placeComponents(panel); 
 frame.setVisible(true);
 }

    private static void placeComponents(JPanel panel) {
        panel.setLayout(null);
JLabel userLabel = new JLabel("Email:");
 userLabel.setBounds(10, 20, 80, 25); 
 panel.add(userLabel);
JTextField userText = new JTextField(20);
 userText.setBounds(100, 20, 165, 25);
 panel.add(userText);
JLabel passwordLabel = new JLabel("Password:");
 passwordLabel.setBounds(10, 50, 80, 25);
 panel.add(passwordLabel);
JPasswordField passwordText = new JPasswordField(20);
 passwordText.setBounds(100, 50, 165, 25);
 panel.add(passwordText); 
JButton loginButton = new JButton("Login");
 loginButton.setBounds(10, 80, 80, 25);
 panel.add(loginButton);
 loginButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String email = userText.getText();
String password = new String(passwordText.getPassword());
User user = UserController.loginUser(email, password);
if (user != null) {
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Login Successful! Welcome " + user.getName());
 }
else {
                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Invalid Credentials"); 
 }
            }
 });
 }
}

Conclusion

In this project, we created a Library Management System using Java, Swing, and MySQL. We covered:
✅ Setting up a MySQL database
✅ Connecting Java with MySQL using JDBC
✅ Creating models for users and books
✅ Implementing user authentication with a Swing GUI

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