DBMS ( Database Management System ) and traditional file storage systems differ in several key aspects: 1. Data Structure : - DBMS : Organizes data in a structured manner using tables, with each table consisting of rows (records) and columns (fields), allowing for efficient retrieval, insertion, and manipulation of data. - File Storage System : Stores data in unstructured or semi-structured files, without any inherent organization, making it less efficient for retrieval and manipulation. 2. Data Integrity and Constraints : - DBMS : Enforces data integrity through constraints such as unique keys, foreign keys, and data types, ensuring that data remains consistent and accurate. - File Storage System : Lacks built-in mechanisms for enforcing data integrity, making it more prone to inconsistencies and errors. 3. Data Independence : DBMS : Provides data independence, allowing changes to the database structure (sc...